<!doctype html public «-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en»> http-equiv=content-type> The notion that ideas and judgments about music are based on culturally specific and national frames of reference and ideologies was not invented in the modern era. Taking an interdisciplinary perspective, this volume examines the role played by notions of communities such as Germani, Itali, and Franci (Germanic, Italian, and French) in medieval writings about music during the period between about 900 and 1500.