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Emma Jakoi,Jennifer Carbrey

Introductory Human Physiology

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  • Luisa Marquesidézett4 évvel ezelőtt
    POSITIVE FEEDBACK reinforces the stimulus rather than decreasing or removing it (Figure 5) and is therefore an unstable condition.
  • Luisa Marquesidézett4 évvel ezelőtt
    NEGATIVE FEEDBACK loops remove the stimulus (Figure 3). A critical consequence of negative feedback control is that it allows the system to resist deviation of a given parameter from a preset range (set point). Negative feedback is the most common form of homeostatic control in biological systems
  • Luisa Marquesidézett4 évvel ezelőtt
    REFLEX CONTROL involves the nervous and endocrine systems. Reflex control responds to changes that are more widespread or systemic in nature.
  • Luisa Marquesidézett4 évvel ezelőtt
    LOCAL CONTROL involves paracrine (between neighbors) and/or autocrine (self-to-self) responses. Proteins called cytokines mediate local control.
  • Luisa Marquesidézett4 évvel ezelőtt
    Fluid compartments of the body
  • KoiChong Chimidézett6 évvel ezelőtt
    Peptide hormones bind to cell surface receptors which activate a second messenger (Figure 14). This results in a rapid (seconds) change in function/metabolism
  • KoiChong Chimidézett6 évvel ezelőtt
    The lipid solubility of the hormone dictates the cellular location of its receptor. Plasma insoluble hormones bind to intracellular receptors; plasma soluble hormones bind to cell surface receptors.

    Thyroid and steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors to activate transcription. This results in synthesis of new proteins and therefore is a slow response (30 minutes or more).
  • KoiChong Chimidézett6 évvel ezelőtt
    Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) contain “double tyrosines” covalently bound to iodine atoms. T4 can be converted to T3 within target tissues.
  • KoiChong Chimidézett6 évvel ezelőtt
    The concentration of free plus bound equals total hormone concentration in the blood
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