Managing with Systems Thinking: Making Dynamics Work for You in Business Decision Making
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1. Why do I see what I see? 2. Why do things stay the same? 3. Why do things change?
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non-linear problem? For example, predator-prey relationships
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general systems theory also helped provide alternatives to conventional organization, putting the emphasis on a holistic approach versus a reductionist approach and organisms versus mechanisms
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holistic
the whole is more than merely the sum of its parts
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interdisciplinary, rather than a standalone discipline
relating more than one branch of knowledge
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general systems theory (GST)
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some countries—actors
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The theory of international relations aims to give a conceptual framework upon which complex relations between the actors of a system can be analyzed.”